What really shakes the lithium resource reserve to promote the development of LIBs is the development of EVs. With the popularity of portable electronic devices such as mobile phones and tablet computers in recent years, LIBs have gradually been recognized. In the early 1990s, Moli and Sony used carbon materials with graphite structure to replace metal lithium anodes, and lithium and transition metal composite oxide such as LiCoO 2 served as the cathodes, leading to the commercialization of LIBs ( Arora et al., 1998 Song et al., 1999 Lee and Lee, 2000 Pattipati et al., 2014). In addition, the challenges and future economic and application prospects are described. This paper reviews the latest development of the recovery technology of waste lithium ion batteries, including the development of recovery process and products. However, due to the high energy density, high safety and low price of lithium ion batteries have great differences and diversity, the recycling of waste lithium ion batteries has great difficulties. Therefore, the recycling and reuse of spent lithium ion batteries has been paid more and more attention by many researchers. Current commercial lithium ion batteries mainly contain transition metal oxides or phosphates, aluminum, copper, graphite, organic electrolytes containing harmful lithium salts, and other chemicals. If not handled properly, it will certainly have a negative impact on the environment and resources. With the development of electric vehicles involving lithium ion batteries as energy storage devices, the demand for lithium ion batteries in the whole industry is increasing, which is bound to lead to a large number of lithium ion batteries in the problem of waste, recycling and reuse. 2School of Metallurgy, Institute for Energy Electrochemistry and Urban Mines Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.1Section of Environmental Protection (SEP) Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.Li-Feng Zhou 1 Dongrun Yang 2 Tao Du 1 * He Gong 1 Wen-Bin Luo 1,2 *
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